The CSS clamp(min, preferred, max) function creates values that scale smoothly between two viewport sizes. For fluid font sizes, the preferred value uses a combination of a viewport unit (vw) and a rem offset so the font grows linearly from your minimum viewport to your maximum. The formula is: slope = (maxSize - minSize) / (maxVp - minVp), then intercept = minSize - slope × minVp. Clamp works on any CSS length property — padding, margin, gap, border-radius — not just font sizes.